The D-CIXS X-ray mapping spectrometer on SMART-1     

M Grande  R BrowningN Waltham  D ParkerS.K Dunkin  B KentB Kellett  C.H PerryB Swinyard  A PerryJ Feraday  C HoweG McBride  K PhillipsJ Huovelin  P MuhliP.J Hakala  O VilhuJ Laukkanen  N ThomasD Hughes  H AlleyneM Grady  R LundinS Barabash  D BakerP.E Clark  C.D MurrayJ Guest  I CasanovaL.C d'Uston  S MauriceB Foing  D.J Heather  V FernandesK Muinonen  S.S RussellA Christou  C OwenP Charles  H KoskinenM Kato  K SipilaS Nenonen  M HolmstromN Bhandari  R ElphicD Lawrence 《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(6):427-433

The D-CIXS Compact X-ray Spectrometer will provide high quality spectroscopic mapping of the Moon, the primary science target of the ESA SMART-1 mission. D-CIXS consists of a high throughput spectrometer, which will perform spatially localised X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It will also carry a solar monitor, to provide the direct calibration needed to produce a global map of absolute lunar elemental abundances, the first time this has been done. Thus it will achieve ground breaking science within a resource envelope far smaller than previously thought possible for this type of instrument, by exploiting two new technologies, swept charge devices and micro-structure collimators. The new technology does not require cold running, with its associated overheads to the spacecraft. At the same time it will demonstrate a radically novel approach to building a type of instrument essential for the BepiColombo mission and potential future planetary science targets.  相似文献   

Photometric study of new southern SU UMa-type dwarf novae and candidates: V877 Ara, KK Tel and PU CMa     

Taichi Kato  Roland Santallo  Greg Bolt  Tom Richards  Peter Nelson  Berto Monard  Makoto Uemura  Seiichiro Kiyota  Rod Stubbings  rew Pearce  Tsutomu Watanabe  Patrick Schmeer  Hitoshi Yamaoka 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,339(3):861-871

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New compositional and optical data for antimonian and bismuthian varieties of hemusite from Japan     

Dr. M. Shimizu  Dr. C. J. Stanley  Dr. A. J. Criddle  Dr. A. Kato  Dr. S. Matsubara 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,45(1):11-17

Summary New compositional and optical data are reported for antimonian and antimonianbismuthian varieties of hemusite from epithermal Au-Ag-Cu deposits in Japan. The empirical formula for the antimonian variety, from the Iriki mine is: (Cu_5.83Fe_0.14Ag_0.01)_5.98Mo_1.03(Sn_0.54Sb_0.41Te_0.03Bi_0.02)_1.00(S_7.85Se_0.15)_8.00, and that of the Sb-Bi variety from the Kawazu mine is: (Cu_5.84Fe_0.14Ag_0.01)_5.99Mo_1.03(Sn_0.82Sb_0.11Bi_0.l0Te_0.04)_1.07(S_7.80Se_0.12)_7.92. The theoretical formula of hemusite is Cu⁺ ₄Cu²⁺ ₂MO⁴⁺Sn⁴⁺S₈, whilst the most probable formula of the Iriki hemusite is Cu⁺ _4.5CU²⁺ _1.5Mo⁴⁺Sn⁴⁺ _0.5Sb⁵⁺ _0.5S₈, with Sb⁵⁺ substituting for Sn⁴⁺ and forming (SbS₄)^3– tetrahedra as might be expected, given that the metal to sulphur ratio is 1, and given the sphalerite-like structure of the mineral. However Bi³⁺ cannot be so accommodated, resulting in a deficiency in (S + Se) for Kawazu hemusite. Reflectance spectra for both are compared with those of the tungsten analogue (compositional) of hemusite, kiddcreekite. The relationship between hemusitesensu stricto and these newly reported varieties is discussed in terms of simple and coupled chemical substitutions, and inferences are drawn on the valency of Sb, Bi, Mo and Cu in the hemusite structure.

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Neue chemische und optische Daten für antimon- und bismuthführende Varietäten von Hemusit aus Japan

Zusammenfassung Neue chemische und optische Daten für antimon- und bismuthführende Hemusite auf epithermalen Au-Ag-Cu Lagerstätten in Japan werden vorgelegt. Die empirische Formel für die antimon-führende Varietät aus der Iriki-Mine ist: (Cu_5.83Fe_0.14Ag_0.01)_5.98Mo_1.03(Sn_0.54Sb_0.41Te_0.03Bi_0.02)_1.00 (S_7.85Se_0.15)_8.00, und die der Sb-Bi Varietät aus der Kawazu Mine ist: (Cu_5.84Fe_0.14Ag_0.01)_5.99M0_1.03(Sn_0.82Sb_0.11Bi_0.l0Te_0.04)_1.07 (S_7.80Se_0.12)_7.92. Die theoretische Formel von Hemusit ist Cu⁺ ₄Cu²⁺ ₂Mo⁴⁺Sn⁴⁺S₈, während die wahrscheinlichere Formel für den Hemusit von Iriki Cu⁺ ₄Cu²⁺ _1.5Mo⁴⁺Sn⁴⁺ _0.5Sb⁵⁺ _0.5S₈, mit Sb⁵⁺ an der Stelle von Sn⁴⁺, das(SbS₄)^3– Tetraeder bildet, wie zu erwarten ist, unter der Voraussetzung, da das Metall zu Schwefelverhältnis 1 und die Struktur sphaleritähnlich ist. Bi³⁺ kann jedoch nicht in dieser Weise untergebracht werden, und das führt zu einem Mangel an (S + Se) für den Hemusit von Kawazu. Die Reflektions-Spektren beider Minerale werden mit denen des Wolfram-Equivalents von Hemusit (Kiddcreekit) verglichen. Die Beziehung zwischen Hemusitsensu stricto und diesen jetzt beschriebenen Varietäten wird auf der Basis einfacher und gekoppelter chemischer Substitution diskutiert. Auf dieser Basis werden Schlüsse auf die Valenz von Sb, Bi Mo und Cu in der Hemusit-Struktur gezogen.

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CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Flux Measurements over the Sea Surface by Eddy Correlation and Aerodynamic Techniques     

Toru?Iwata  Keiko?Yoshikawa  Katsutoshi?Nishimura  Yoshihisa?Higuchi  Takao?Yamashita  Shigeru?Kato  Eiji?OhtakiEmail author 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(6):995-1000

The measurements of the vertical transport of CO₂ were carried out over the Sea of Japan using the specially designed pier of Kyoto University on September 20 to 22, 2000. CO₂ fluxes were measured by the eddy correlation and aerodynamic techniques. Both techniques showed comparable CO₂ fluxes during sea breeze conditions: −0.001 to −0.08 mg m⁻²s⁻¹ with the mean of −0.05 mg m⁻²s⁻¹. This means that the measuring site satisfies the fetch requirement for meteorological observations under sea breeze conditions. Moreover, the eddy diffusivity coefficient used in the aerodynamic technique is found to be consistent with the coefficient used in the eddy correlation technique. The present result leads us to conclude that the aerodynamic technique may be applicable to underway CO₂ flux measurements over the ocean and may be used in place of the bulk technique. The important point is the need to maintain a measuring accuracy of CO₂ concentration difference of the order of 0.1 ppmv on the research vessels or the buoys.  相似文献   

The role of Nuta (large amorphous particles) as a nutrient regenerator in Osaka Bay     

Shigeru Montani  Yasufumi Mishima 《Journal of Oceanography》1993,49(3):285-293

Large amorphous particles (Nuta) observed in coastal areas after phytoplankton blooms and red tide outbreaks were collected by Nuta traps. These particles are always thickly attached to mooring ropes and/or fishing nets. From the decomposition experiments of Nuta and the sinking particles, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) regenerations were active in Nuta, but were not active in sinking particles. In Nuta, regeneration abundances during 10 days were 567 g-N/mg of initial particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and 583 -P/mg of initial particulate phosphorus (PP), respectively. Thus DIP was more regenerated from Nuta than DIN. Ten days integral regeneration abundances of DIN and DIP from Nuta were estimated to be 36% and 79% of in situ DIN and DIP standing stocks, respectively. Nuta contributes an important role of nutrient regeneration particularly DIN, in coastal water. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of suspended particles, sinking particles and Nuta indicated that these three different type of particles were almost the same origin, and thus Nuta in the coastal water should be made from phytoplankton debris.  相似文献   

Microbial Diversity in Nankai Trough Sediments at a Depth of 3,843 m   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Lina Li  Jean Guenzennec  Peter Nichols  Pierre Henry  Miki Yanagibayashi  Chiaki Kato 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(5):635-642

Dense populations of bivalves, primarily Calyptogena sp., were observed at cold seeps of the Nankai Trough. Bacterial input to the sediment was estimated through determination of phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) and DNA profiles. Results indicated a bacterial biomass of 10⁹ cells (g dry wt)^-1 while individual fatty acid profiles revealed a predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly 18:1 isomers. The presence of these fatty acids can be interpreted to reflect a response to low temperature and a predominance of psychrophilic bacteria. DNA fragments encoding bacterial ribosomal RNA small-subunit sequences (16S rDNA) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method using DNA extracted directly from the sediment samples. From the sequencing results, at least 19 kinds of bacterial 16S rDNAs related to mostly the Proteobacteria and a few gram-positive bacteria were identified. These results suggest that the bacterial community in the Nankai Trough sediments consists of mainly bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria , , and subdivisions. Bacteria belonging to the and subdivisions, which are known to include epibiont and sulfate reducing bacteria, respectively, were mostly detected in the sediment obtained from inside the area of the Calyptogena community, and the -Proteobacteria may function to supply reduced sulfur to bacterial endosymbionts of Calyptogena.  相似文献   

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Iceberg Drift off Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Detected by Satellite Scatterometers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shigeru Aoki 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):629-635

Seasonal and spatial variations of iceberg drift were studied using continuous satellite scatterometer images off Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Generally, iceberg drift speed showed a westward increase to the Greenwich Meridian. Seasonal variations of the drift speed were high in autumn—early winter and low in spring, and their magnitudes also increased westward. Seasonal variations of the drift speed were significantly correlated with variations of sea levels at Syowa and Mawson Stations, and hence qualitatively consistent with geostrophic current variations. Thus, the scatterometer data are demonstrated to be useful in monitoring iceberg trajectory and oceanic current variations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Semidiurnal Dynamics of Salinity, Nutrients and Suspended Particulate Matter in an Estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, during a Spring Tide Cycle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Paolo Magni  Shigeru Montani  Kuninao Tada 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(2):389-402

The physical and chemical variability of the water column at subtidal station of an estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, was studied over a 24-hour period during a spring tide (tidal range ca. 2 m) in May 1995. Surface water and several depths through the water column were monitored every one and two hours, respectively. At each occasion, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration were measured and water samples were collected for the determination of nutrients and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Disruptive changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the water was produced by the tidal cycle and the mixing of water masses of different origin. These changes were highly significant both spatially and temporally, yet with varying effects on physical parameters, nutrients and the different components of SPM. Significant differences in nutrient concentrations were also observed when the data-set was divided into ebb and flood components, irrespective of the depth. Nitrate and nitrite rose to 1.8 times higher during the flood. Spatial differences of SPM were less marked than those of nutrients, only particulate organic carbon (POC) being significantly higher at the surface than in the intermediate and the lower layer. Both POC and pheopigment concentrations increased markedly through the water column, being highest shortly before the lower low tide. In contrast, suspended solid (SS) content increased sharply after the lower low tide (>40 mg l⁻¹) and this coincided with a marked decrease of the C/SS content (<20 mg g⁻¹). The lagtime between POC and SS tidal transport was caused by particle resuspension from the exposed intertidal sediments as the tidal level rose, and particle transport selection in relation to the tidal state. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

IMA Kobe 2006 Special Issue: Sea-floor Hydrothermal Deposits of Arc–Back-arc Systems in Western Pacific     

Tetsuro Urabe    Hitoshi Chiba  Yasuhiro Kato 《Resource Geology》2008,58(3):205-205

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Subsurface thermal and hydrothermal characterization based on geothermal resources map, drill hole thermal gradients, Curie point depths and hypocenter distribution — Examples of Tohoku district, Japan     

S. Tamanyu  T. Sato  M. Kato   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):389

Subsurface thermal structure in Tohoku district are characterized by existing data such as geothermal resources maps, drill hole thermal gradients, Curie point depths and hypocenters distribution maps. The collected data are registered in a database system, then, compared in plan view, cross-section and bird's-eye pictures. The comparison indicates that subsurface temperatures extrapolated from drill hole thermal gradients are generally concordant to the Curie point depth, assumed to be 650 °C. Tohoku district is generally divided into 5 type areas; fore arc lowland, fore arc mountain country, Quaternary volcanic terrain, back arc lowland and back arc mountain country. The surface thermal manifestations in Quaternary volcanic terrain are mainly controlled by the magma chambers as heat sources, while, surface thermal features such as hot springs in non-volcanic areas are controlled by degrees of heat flows, and hydrothermal flows in permeable Cenozoic formations and along permeable fault zones.  相似文献